Computerized system free essay sample

A library is a bunch of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, a library is a collection of books. It can mean the collection, the building or room that houses such a collection, or both. The term Libarary has itself acquired a secondary meaning; A collection of useful material for Library informs their users of what materials are available in their collections and how to access that information. Before the computer age, this was accomplished by the card catalog. a cabinet containing many drawers filled with index cards that identified the books and other materials. In a large library, the card catalog often filled a large room. The emergence of the Internet, however, has led to the adoption of electronic catalog databases (often referred to as â€Å"web cats† or as online public access catalogs, OPACs), which allow users to search the library’s holdings from any location with internet access. This style of catalog maintenance is compatible with new types of libraries, such as digital libraries and distributed libraries, as well as older libraries that have been retrofitted. This proposed system is an offline access of library system or it doesn’t need to have an internet or web connection to run the program. It focuses on library transaction including borrowing of books, producing a library report in much accurate and easier way. In this system, the librarian doesn’t have to used a card catalog; all she has to do is search the specific name of the book, title of book, and/or author in the system, common use, and in this sense is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics, electronics and biology. This proposed Computerized Library System is recommended for St. Paul University at San Ildefonso. This proposed computerized library system is design to help students, teachers, abd other personnel. For the school, it will help to have a secure assurance of borrowing books from the library and can easily detect the borrowed books. For the Librarian, do not need to consume or use up more time to handle or manage data and to produce a report on library manually. The personnel can organized and find the books easily. For the student, it will borrow books in much easier way. It does not have to fill-up again the library card. A proposed computerized library system is much better than the present library system which is in manual form. The proposed system is not intended to changed all the principle details and methods of borrowing books from the library but rather to improve it in much accurate and reliable form. Statement of the Problem The general problem of the how St. Paul University at San Ildefonso can put up a computerized library system in doing transactions with their clienteles. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: 1. ) What are the problems and difficulties do encounter by the user in managing their present system? 2. ) What are the problems do the students, librarian, teachers and other personnel encountered in handling records and files? 3. ) What are the advantages of the proposed computerized Library system compared to the present Library system? How comparable the present system to proposed system in terms of the following: a. File Transaction b. Manage Data c. Produce Report d. Time and Effort Objectives of the Study General Objective The objective of the study is to develop a computerized library system for St. Paul University at San Ildefonso. Specific Objectives To be specific, it attempted to satisfy the following objectives: to improve the library system that helps the librarian, students, professors, other personnel in the college, and other concerned people in terms of borrowing books, Transaction, Managing Data, Saving Records, Produce Reports, and the Time and Effort. To design a system that will lessen the time and effort of the student in their transaction. To quickly search the book needed by the student of the library. To print out reports immediately. Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study is intended for St. Paul University at San Ildefonso. The proponent noticed that the Library of Montessori Professional College is not updated compared to other school in terms of system which is still in manual management. Then the proponent wants to conduct and germinate the Manual Library System into Computerized Library System to improve the transaction inside the Library. The study is focusing only to improve the library system that helps the librarian, students, teachers, other personnel in the school, and other concerned people in terms of borrowing books, transaction, managing data, saving records, produce reports, and the time and effort. The system is LAN-based that enables the librarian to share the records of the student such as the borrowing books, returning books, search books, and prescriptions of the librarian. The student’s personal information/data may be stored upon the request of authorized librarian. The assigned librarians are the only one who can share any of the records/data of the students. The system is not capable of sharing its data from other databases. The system will be developed using the Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0. Significance of the study In this study there are many persons who will be benefited. The school, Librarian, Students, Teachers, Researchers, and other concerned persons. School will help to have a secure assurance of borrowing from the library and can easily detect the borrowed books. Librarian doesn’t need to consume more time to handle or manage data and to produce a report on library manually. The personnel can organized and find the books easily. Student can borrow books in much easier way. It doesn’t have to fill-up again the library card every time they want to borrow books. Teachers can easily borrow their needed books for their class. Proponent will use to find the information needed in their study regarding about computerized library system that they can use for their future references. Definition of Terms Computerized To equips with or automates by computers. Computerized Library System A computerized library system for an institution keeps track of all books and periodicals in the library and their check-out status. Checkout and return are automated through a bar code reader (an external device). The library system also interfaces with an external relational database which stores information about the library users (students, faculty, and staff), including whether they have any library items checked out. . Library users can access the catalog and recall books and periodicals. Library employees have the same access as well as additional capabilities (e. g. , listing the status of an item). Data Factual information or information for computer processing, distinct pieces of information usually formatted in a special way. All software is divided into two general categories: data and programs Programs Are collections of instructions for manipulating data. Data can exist in a variety of forms as numbers or text on pieces of paper, as bits and by test stored in electronic memory, or as facts stored in a persons mind. Database A set of  data that has a regular structure and that is organized in such a way that a computer can easily find the desired information. LAN (Local Area Network) This serves a local area (typically the area of a floor of a building, but in some cases spanning a distance of several kilometres). Records Data, details, documents, file, information, or reports. In the structure of a database, the part consisting of several uniquely named components called data fields. Several data records make up a data file and several data files make up a database. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Foreign According to Robson (2001),  usability is a key requirement for users, says Elisabeth Robson, Product manager for Online Computer Library Center. The catalogue has become a way to pull together disparate resources, including commercial resources and web links. Management systems also allow circulation, including check in/check outland enable libraries to purchase materials and track where they are. According to Chad (2009), consulting is at a major point of change in the wider information economy within which library systems form part of a larger whole. He was writing in a briefing paper about the study in library management systems. This study examined the systems used in higher-education libraries across the UK and came up with some significant observations and recommendations. It noted that the LMS market in UK higher education is already mature and that four main vendors (ExLibris, Innovative , Sirsi Dynix and Talis) have almost 90 per cent of the market. This market maturity means, according to the study authors, that the benefits to libraries of changing LMS provider are limited. Library users expect to find everything together says Stephen Abram, vice president for innovation at Sirsi Dynix, the leading provider of software solutions and associated services for libraries. According to her traditionally, the library management system or integrated library system (ILS) was responsible for running libraries efficiently and effectively. Over the last few years, the role of the ILS has been expanding from meeting library needs to delivering user experience. Local According to Eden (2011), views that most libraries are forced to work with fewer staff because of the having a more improved and modernized system for their library. According also to the study, the library administration need to emphasize to their staff  that the organization has a vested interest in providing them with the tools and training they need to assist the organization in the new information marketplace. These may include search engines, circulation systems, and the online public access catalog . According to Lopez (2002), University of the Philippines Mindanao when UP in Mindanao accepted its first batch of students in 1996, the Main Library collection was integrated with the core collection of the School of Management (SOM) Library at the Stanfilco Bldg. , Ladislawa Avenue, Buhangin, Davao City. The Filipiniana and General References were housed together with the College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) collection in Room 2 of the Philippine Coconut Authority. In the Second Semester AY 1996-1997,the CAS Library moved to its main campus in Bago Oshiro. Upon the recognition of UPin Mindanao by the Board of Regents (BOR) as a constituent unit (CU) of the UP System, the CAS was split into two (2), namely: College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHSS) and the College of Science and Mathematics (CSM). The Main Library transferred to the newly renovated building where the main collection was set-up beside the books of the CHSS and the CSM. In July 2002, the library established the Library Educational Media and Information Technology Office (LEMITO). The LEMITO handles the audio-visual services, internet and the connectivity of the library. It currently holds office at the Elias B. Lopez Hall Dormitory. CHAPTER III CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Conceptual Model of the Study A Computerized Library System identifies the modern process of technology, on how it works quickly for the students/librarian. Based on the objectives of the study and aforementioned theories and concepts derived from the review of related literature and studies, the following conceptual model of study was developed. The conceptual model of study is best illustrated on the paradigm of the input box; it deals on knowledge requirements, Users Needs, Existing Applications, Development Tools and Techniques, Technical Literature, Results of users survey, expert advice, software, requirements, hardware requirements. It deals on the perceptions towards the existing manual system and the proposed Computerized Library System as to accuracy, user friendliness, security and speed of data and information. The third part tells the operation, process and testing. The last parts discuss the evaluation procedure. Project Development The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. Various SDLC methodologies have been developed to guide the processes involved including the waterfall model (the original SDLC method), rapid application development (RAD), joint application development (JAD), the fountain model and the spiral model. Mostly, several models are combined into some sort of  hybrid methodology. Documentation is crucial regardless of the type of model chosen or devised for any application, and is usually done in parallel with the development process. Some methods work better for specific types of projects, but in the final analysis, the most important factor for the success of a project may be how closely particular plan was followed. Figure 2. Waterfall Model Planning In planning, the proponent conducted an interview to the client to gather some information about on how the librarian manage the books, borrowed books, returned books, all record of the student. It is observed that the librarian writes the records manually of every student who borrowed or returned the Books. The student uses the form given by the librarian. Analysis Based on the proposed Computerized Library System is designed purely from the users viewpoint without considering the constraints of hardware (such as computers). In addition, system structures required to achieve such designs are clarified. After checking requirement specifications included in the basic plan, the overview of the project is represented by the use of diagrams so that the processing and flows of data can be easily understood. Designing The software design specifically targeted to librarian of the researchers used a user-friendly design to attract the user to use the new automated system. Here the system was designed purely from the users viewpoint without considering the constraints of  hardware (such as computers). In addition, system structures required to achieve such designs are clarified. After checking the requirement specifications included in the planning, the overview of the system represented by the use of diagrams so that the processed of data can be easily understood. Based on the representations, the division into sub-systems and input/output designing was performed. The entire project was divided into a number of modules on a functional basis, and each module was  further divided into smaller units. The designing of the code, such as the determination of a coding system, was conducted. In addition, relationships between the data were  analyzed. Software Development / Coding In the development of the system, the researchers made used of Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0 for encoding source code of the system, in order to be accurate and fast acquisition of data/information. Testing The researchers  installed the new System. The proponent encountered problems while processing it for the first time but after several weeks the system has been successful and introduced it to the respondents. Operating The researchers were responsible for conducting an operation test. The proponent conducted  a test under the actual operation conditions, and verified  that the system satisfies the required specifications. Because this test was intended to have a developed system accepted by the user, it was called an approval test or an acceptance test. The researchers conducted an operation test by running a program on a machine being used for actual operations. Maintenance The researchers conducted maintenance in software to correct faults, to maintain performance or other attributes. The proponent’s common perception of  maintenance merely involves fixing detects. The proponent’s maintenance management system allows segment chiefs to plan maintenance work on fixed assets, such as equipment, machinery and property. Analytical Tools The researchers presented the analytical tools used in the system which are: IPO (Input-Process-Output), VTOC (Visual Table of Contents) and Context Diagram. In order to determine whether standard questionnaire does play an important role in conducting Computerized Library System survey, a total of 50 respondents were asked to participate. To achieve pertinent information, certain inclusion criteria were imposed. The participants qualified for sample selection must be the students and all the users who will be using the library. This qualification ensured that the participants understand the nature of personality questionnaire and its use for employment, making the survey items easy for them to accomplish. These respondents where ask on the problems they have encountered in visiting and using the library. And also there were ask to answer the questions given, based on their observation inside the library. Table 1. Distribution of Respondents Respondents Frequency Students 49 Teacher 0 Librarian 1 Total 50 Evaluation Procedure Data Instrument. Based on the related literature and studies reviewed, the researcher uses a standard questionnaire to assess the performance of the program. The questionnaire will be distributed to the respondents. The evaluation instrument is based on the characteristics and sub-characteristics provided by ISO/IEC 9126. ISO/IEC 9126suggests only five software metrics (Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair and Poor). Table 2. Numerical Scale Scale Interpretation 4. 51 to 5. 00 Excellent 3. 51 to 4. 50 Very Good 2. 51 to 3. 50 Good 1. 51 to 2. 50 Fair 1. 00 to 1. 50 Poor Statistical Treatment The data obtained from the respondents were tabulated systematically in order to obtain accurate information related to each element of the target population. Frequency Distribution The arrangement of the values that one or more variables take in a sample. Each entry in the table contains the frequency or count of the occurrences of  values within a particular group or interval, and in this way, the table summarizes the distribution of values in the sample. Percentage Distribution Display of data that shows the percentage of items that falls above or below certain values. To calculate the percentage distribution, divide the class frequency by the total number of items grouped and multiply by 100. Arithmetic Weighted Mean These were utilized to determine the weight of the individual option as to levels of efficiency of both existing procedures and the proposed automated system in terms of Security of data and information, Speed of processing, Accuracy of data and Information, User Friendliness and the alleviation of procedures in accomplishing tasks. ISO/IEC 9126 Data Instrument. Product quality is a standard for the evaluation of  quality. The fundamental objective of this standard is to address some of the well known human biases that can adversely affect the delivery and perception of a software development project. These biases include changing priorities after the start of a project or not having any clear definitions of success. By clarifying, then agreeing on the project priorities and subsequently converting abstract priorities(compliance) to measurable values (output data can be validated against schema X with zero intervention), ISO/IEC 9126 tries to develop a common understanding of the projects objectives and goals. Economic Feasibility For any system if the expected benefits equal or exceed the expected costs, the system can be judged to be economically feasible. In economic feasibility, cost benefit analysis is done in which expected costs and benefits are evaluated. Economic analysis is used for evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed system. In economic feasibility, the most important is cost as the name suggests, it is an analysis of the costs to be incurred in the system and benefits derivable out of the system. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) estimates and totals up the equivalent money value of the benefits and costs to the community of projects to establish whether they are worthwhile.