Native American Essay Example for Free

Native American Essay â€Å"During the second half of the 19th century, the United States Government took all appropriate actions to maintain peace with Native American tribes. Furthermore the United States was justified in its aggressive measures used to seize land from unruly Native American tribes during the era. † There little validity in this statement. During this time period American troops were interloping on Native American territory, starting violence, and forcing them out of their homes. The hostility of American Soldiers toward these people led to several tragedies, such as the Sand Creek Massacre, The Battle of Little Bighorn, and The Battle at Wounded Knee. It can be observed that the United States was clearly not, in any way, shape, or form, attempting to maintain peace. Insensitivities on behalf of the United States led to several tragedies, the Sand Creek Massacre being a major event. On November 29, 1864, General John Chivington ordered troops to attack Chief Black Kettle and his people, after the chief and his people did everything in their power to keep peace between the opposing sides. To top it all off, most of the warriors in this tribe were off hunting buffalo, and the tribe was left undefended. Between seventy and eighty Natives were killed. The fighting didn’t end there. Several years later, on December 29, 1890, a great disaster occurred at nearby Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota. James W. Forsyth and his men massacred the people of Chief Spotted Elk. Around 300 casualties were suffered. The Natives, however, hadn’t always suffered such devastating losses. Between the Sand Creek Massacre and Wounded Knee, at the Battle of Little Bighorn, Colonel George Custer was one of the leaders of the American soldiers who attacked Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, and their people. On June 25-26, 1876, American Soldiers fought the Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes, suffering a severe loss. Although it may seem as though the Native Americans were ruthless savages, this proves how persistent they were and their ability to overcome. The persistence of these people was also proven by a single man. In 1876, the United States Government was beginning to force Chiricahua from their reservation in New Mexico. A man named Geronimo fueled the fire of the Native Americans against the American forces. Over a period of ten years, Geronimo aided his people in many raids on white settlements, to prove their unwillingness to leave their home. Geronimo may have surrendered, but his bravery Although many may view these as acts of violence, in reality, US Soldiers were no better. The slaughter and removal of hundreds of Native Americans caused them to react in such a violent way. In other words, America brought this upon itself. The Dawes Act was a set of laws enacted to assist Native Americans in their land disputes with American settlers. These laws gave the president the right to survey Indian land and distribute it to individual Natives. The Dawes Act was detrimental to Native Americans because those who weren’t awarded land became homeless, unlike the previous tribal community they had lived in, where every person had shelter, but no single person owned the land. The president also had the right to purchase land he had allotted to be used for white settlers. Assimilation also played a large role in whether Natives would be forced out of their homes. If the Natives would â€Å"Americanize† (so to speak) everything about their lifestyle, they would be permitted to stay on US soil. In conclusion, it can be observed that Native Americans were truly the victim in this situation. They were slaughtered mercilessly, forced out of their homes, made to change their lifestyles, and even considered to be the cause of the violence. Any person who claims Native Americans during this time period as savage murderers would be completely incorrect. These people were merely reacting out of defense and retaliation for what Americans had done to them. Americans frequently like to believe that the US is always justified in what they are doing; they are always the good guy. In this case Americans stooped to a low level to suggest that Indians were to blame for the violence.

Biography of Guy de Maupassant :: essays research papers

Biography on Guy de Maupassant   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Guy de Maupassant was born on August 5, 1850 at Chateau de Miromesnil in France. He was a descendent of a very old French family. As a boy, Maupassant went to school at Yvetot in Normandy, and then attended Lycee at Rouen. During his childhood and youth in Normandy, he picked up a great deal of experiences that he later put to use in many of his writings. When Maupassant was eleven years old, his parents got separated. This was probably the most significant events in his life in that his mother retained custody of him. His mother was the sister of a close friend of Flaubert, one of the most famous nineteenth- century writers. She turned to Flaubert for advice on him. Flaubert began tutoring him on various subjects, mainly writing. Maupassant's association with Flaubert brought him into the French literary circles. Even though Maupassant was often a member of gatherings which included such famous writers such as Flaubert, Turgenev, Zola, and Daudet, he had little interest at the time for a career of writing for himself. As an adolescent he was much more interested in sports than writing, especially rowing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maupassants education was interrupted by the Franco-Prussian War, in which he served as a member of the French army. After the war was finished, he entered the French civil service. He first served with the Ministry of Navy and later with the Ministry of Public Institution. During the between 1873 and 1880 he also served as a literary apprentice under Flaubert. At this time, Maupassant realized his weakness as a poet and concentrated on developing his skills as a writer of prose fiction. Maupassant wrote a collection of short stories that were published with a writers such as Bola, and Huysmans. Maupassant work outshone all the others by far. This is Maupassant became recognized as a writer. He became one of the most famous and well paid French Biography of Guy de Maupassant :: essays research papers Biography on Guy de Maupassant   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Guy de Maupassant was born on August 5, 1850 at Chateau de Miromesnil in France. He was a descendent of a very old French family. As a boy, Maupassant went to school at Yvetot in Normandy, and then attended Lycee at Rouen. During his childhood and youth in Normandy, he picked up a great deal of experiences that he later put to use in many of his writings. When Maupassant was eleven years old, his parents got separated. This was probably the most significant events in his life in that his mother retained custody of him. His mother was the sister of a close friend of Flaubert, one of the most famous nineteenth- century writers. She turned to Flaubert for advice on him. Flaubert began tutoring him on various subjects, mainly writing. Maupassant's association with Flaubert brought him into the French literary circles. Even though Maupassant was often a member of gatherings which included such famous writers such as Flaubert, Turgenev, Zola, and Daudet, he had little interest at the time for a career of writing for himself. As an adolescent he was much more interested in sports than writing, especially rowing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maupassants education was interrupted by the Franco-Prussian War, in which he served as a member of the French army. After the war was finished, he entered the French civil service. He first served with the Ministry of Navy and later with the Ministry of Public Institution. During the between 1873 and 1880 he also served as a literary apprentice under Flaubert. At this time, Maupassant realized his weakness as a poet and concentrated on developing his skills as a writer of prose fiction. Maupassant wrote a collection of short stories that were published with a writers such as Bola, and Huysmans. Maupassant work outshone all the others by far. This is Maupassant became recognized as a writer. He became one of the most famous and well paid French

Article Review on Human Buyology

Human BUYology 101 Articles info: â€Å"Human BUYology 101† by Rachel Sullivan. Published in Reader Digest Asia, 2011; 42-49. The article, Human BUYology 101, argues that consumers tend to make unplanned purchased that cause by the psychological forces. The author tried to highlight what makes people buy. The article has many quotes from the book of BUYology by Martin Lindstrom. It first presents the arguments of those supporting the idea of the effectiveness of logos, product placement and subliminal advertising, the correlation between religion and branding, then the influence of culture and gender divide and lastly, the influence of sense.The first part of the article mainly focuses on the idea that the effectiveness of logos, product placement and subliminal advertising: how those factors can influence people to buy. We are constantly bombarded with subliminal advertising throughout our waking hours. For the most of us, the main source of this is television advertising. It starts with eye-catching logos which could last in our memory maybe like, forever. Then, product placement plays a large part in how easily and effectively subliminal advertising can happen.Besides that, the author of the article highlighted in the article with the opinion expressed by the correlation between religion and branding where shopping is the same way as we practice our religion. Consumers' perception of well-known brands just like their views on the figures associated with religious icons. In short, it can be concluded that this well-known brands can create obsessed within themselves. People want the feel to belong; sense of belonging. The author calls this as religious experience which is related to religious value in impulsive buying behavior among the consumer.The author also discuss about how the culture and gender divide could influence the unplanned purchase of some consumer. Culture may refer to the set of values, ideas, and attitudes that are accepted by a homoge nous group of people and transmitted to the next generation. Culture also determines what is acceptable with product advertising. Culture determines what people wear, eat, reside and travel. So, culture could affect the decision making style for purchase of a product.While genders divide is kind of the difference between women and men, especially as reflected in social, political, intellectual, cultural, or economic attainments or attitudes. The author argued that women value their possessions for emotional and relationship-oriented reasons, whereas men value their possessions for functional and instrumental reasons. As for the influence of the sense on unplanned purchase where the author highlighted the term of sensory shopping, in which the sensory shopping has to do with consumer’s perception.Though necessarily based on incomplete and unverified (or unreliable) information, perception is equated with reality for most practical purposes and guides human behaviour in general . The primary human senses consist of smell, taste, hearing, touch, and sight. So, sensory shopping related to sensation or the physical senses like the smell of freshly baked waffles; transmitted or perceived by the senses and triggering the hungry feeling.I believe the topic being discussed is very arguable, and just I believe how people could amaze himself to found out how they could influenced by many different things that make them purchase. People should learn to resist the urge to buy unnecessary items. I strongly believe that planning is the key to keeping impulse buying under control. You may find after more rational reflection that you don't need the item as much as you thought you did. We should make and believe those impulse purchases as challenging as possible.

Psychological Case Study The Yellow Wallpaper - 1453 Words

Psychological Case Study: â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman was published for the first time in 1892 and it is oftentimes referred as being a psychological, feminist, or even a Gothic story. The author portrays her own personal experience with postpartum depression by creating this impressive fictional story which sent such a strong message to all women from that period of time. It was a man’s World in which woman where seen more as an indispensable accessory rather than a strong pillar of the family. The protagonist in the story becomes progressively ill mainly because of her misdiagnosis, not to mention the constrictions she faced not only in part from her husband who was a well-known doctor, but also the dominating misogynistic view of the society. The author’s central goal in writing this short story is to blame the way women were treated in society as well as the misunderstandings related to certain illnesses which the medical field misdiagnosed and ultimately patients did not receive the adequate treatment. â€Å"But what is one to do? (Par. 14) â€Å"she asks her audience a couple of times putting emphasis on the fact that nothing could be done at least on her part. By all means Charlotte Gilman’s story is symbolic for all women from that era, in which their main duty was to bear children, manage the estate, to be an example in society and obey their husband’s. It was a patriarchal society inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Charlotte Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper969 Words   |  4 PagesYellow Wallpaper Annotated Bibliography Frye, C.B. Using Literature in Health Care: Reflections on The Yellow Wallpaper. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. (32: 7). 1998. 829.33. Print. Most people who wrote about The Yellow Wallpaper do so from the perspective of a literary scholar. This however is written by someone in the health care field. C.B. Frye says that fiction can impact the larger world; in this case it impacted mental health and the work of Gillmans doctor, S Weir Mitchell. AlthoughRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman And. Weir Mitchell843 Words   |  4 Pageshaving to study the conditions of nerves. Yet, in this particular moment in the late-19th century United States, one can detect a dialogue between doctor and patient in each of their short stories. That is exactly what is detected between Charlotte Perkins Gilman and S. Weir Mitchell. While both The Case of Dedlow and the Yellow Wallpaper use fiction to express themselves more thoroughly about mental health and science, The Case of Dedlow is more concerned with the aspect of scientific case study whileRead MoreThe Yello w Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1208 Words   |  5 Pagesoverwhelmed and overly surrounded by human interaction, but it is much less tempting and much more terrifying to one who has truly experienced isolation. Charlotte Perkins Gilman is one person who falls into the latter category. She wrote, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† as a social commentary and personal narrative on the widely accepted treatment of rest cure, which she had undergone herself. She spoke out against the treatment vigorously, as her first hand experiences had given her the perspective that theRead MorePostpartum Depression And The Yellow Wallpaper1536 Words   |  7 PagesDepression and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† The descent into madness by the main character in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† shows the impact of postpartum depression coupled with the oppression of women during the time period in which it was written.   The author, Charlotte Gilman, suffered from postpartum depression herself and is considered the model for the main character and what she goes through, as chronicled in an article she later wrote in 1913 entitled â€Å"Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper.†   The woman in theRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1312 Words   |  6 Pagestitled â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written in 1892 about a woman named Jane who is diagnosed with depression and given a treatment named the â€Å"rest cure.† Charlotte Perkins Gilman created this story based on her experiences with the â€Å"rest cure† and sent it to the creator of the treatment, S. Weir Mitchell, for criticism (Gilman 419). When read, this short story is usually seen thr ough a feminist critical lense, but it can be taken more in depth if the reader is to assume a psychological lense. The adversityRead MoreInterpretations of Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper1460 Words   |  6 PagesInterpretations of Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is an example of how stories and the symbolism to which they are related can influence the perspective of its readers and alternate their point of view. In the â€Å"Yellow Wall-Paper†, the unknown narrator gets so influenced by her surroundings that she starts showing signs of mental disorder, creating through many years several controversies on trying to find the real causes of her deceaseRead More The Yellow Wallpaper1156 Words   |  5 Pages The Yellow Wallpaper: In the 19th century, mental illness was an uncommon issue to be discussed. The public would treat the illness only by avoiding the matter and forcing the sick to feel helpless. At that time, the medical profession had not yet distinguished between diseases of the mind and diseases of the brain. Neurologists such as Dr. Silas Mitchell treated the problems that would now be treated by psychiatrists, such as depression. The most accepted cure was Mitchells â€Å"Rest Cure,† whichRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1442 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Charlotte Perkins Gilman was one of the most prominent feminists of her century. She brilliantly created a haunting and gothic allegory in her short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† It was difficult for women to express themselves in a male dominant society, and they would often try to seek greater fulfillment. Gilman takes her audience through her unnamed character’s journey of emotional deterioration, and her quest for control over her own life. The author’s allegory for theRead MoreHell-Heaven and The Yellow Wallpaper1087 Words   |  5 PagesIn the short stories Hell-Heaven by Jhumpa Lahiri and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman both stories convey similar theme. Gilman’s short story, The Yellow Wallpaper, tells a story of a mentally unstable wife, while Lahiri’s short story, Hell-Heaven, informs us about a mother and daughters story from the perspective of her daughter. The characters from both stories come from different cult ures but one thing they both have in common is their roles. They marry with the purpose of servingRead MoreThe Influence of Masculine Gender Roles in The Yellow Wallpaper1697 Words   |  7 PagesInterpretive Essay on The Yellow Wallpaper The Yellow Wallpaper tells the story of a woman living in the nineteenth century who suffers from postpartum depression. The true meaning implicit in Charlottes story goes beyond a simple psychological speculation. The story consists of a series of cleverly constructed short paragraphs, in which the author illustrates, through the unnamed protagonists experiences, the possible outcome of womens acceptance of mens supposed intellectual superiority

The Fight For Unfairness By Ralph Ellison - 955 Words

Social Inequality â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but the content of their character†(Martin Luther). The fight for unfairness has been an important area of debate over the years; many writers expose common injustice through their writing. For instance, as a prominent writer, Ralph Ellison describes many social hardships of American African in his novel â€Å"Invisible Man†. The first chapter of this novel, â€Å"Battle Royal† reveals this social inequality through the metaphor of the fight. In the beginning of the story, the writer points out that racism is a major part of social inequality. Ellison’s narrator, who is a nameless black American states, â€Å"It took me a long time and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to a realization everyone else appears to have been born with: that I am nobody but myself. But first I had to discover that I am an invisible man† (1495)! In making these comments the narrator argues about his identity. He states that no one can find his/her position in the society without the awareness of his/her race, social status, or religion. He searches for his self and visibility for a long time, however he has to accept this bitter reality that he is a black and belongs to a freed slave family, so he is insignificant. He doesn’t exist in the white society; his survival depends only on the approval of whites. For instance, he has no rights to live his lifeShow MoreRelatedThe World Of Segregation Crises `` Battle Royal `` By Ralph Ellison1706 Words   |  7 PagesWorld of Challenges In the world of segregation crises â€Å"Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison is about a boy who just finished high school years and receives an invitation to present his valedictorian speech to the wealthy white men in town. Ellison’s protagonist reminisces about his naive life, 20 years before when the story was published in 1947. He grew up in the deep south of America in a town where prejudicism and racism was prominent. During this time the South is segregated because of the Jim CrowRead MoreEssay about Blindness in Invisible Man 1506 Words   |  7 PagesMany people wonder what it would be like if they were to be invisible; stealthily walking around, eavesdropping on conversations, and living as if nothing is of their concern. Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, is centred on an unnamed fictional character who believes himself to be, indeed, invisible to the rest of the world. He is not invisible in the physical sense, but socially and intellectually. As the book develop s, readers are able to experience an authentic recollection of what life is as aRead MoreRalph Ellison s Invisible Man1268 Words   |  6 PagesRalph Ellison s â€Å"Invisible Man† is an illustration of African American scholarly work managing the racial fight against African Americans in the USA. The fundamental character, in this specific case it is the storyteller, stays anonymous all through the novel which permits him to present his backgrounds with a specific level of separation, yet, in the meantime offering the pursuer a look into his one of a kind view of the occasions that occur all throughout the novel. As the novel unfolds it turns

Marketing Plan For The Hamoudis Restaurant - 2738 Words

1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction 2.1 Purpose of the plan The purpose of this assessment is to create a promotion marketing plan for the Hamoudis Restaurant. Firstly, to assess the current marketing situation of the Restaurant and what possible needs and gaps it might have. With the basic information of the situation a marketing plan can be formed. The aim is also for the new marketing plan is realistic and applicable so that the restaurant can use it in their marketing. Currently the restaurant has no website and relies on meta-crawlers to publicise its work. Therefore this assessment will analyse the current activities at the restaurant in terms of e-marketing and suggest a range of improvements to increase visitor numbers and†¦show more content†¦Internet marketing also differs from more traditional marketing approaches in that it relies far more heavily on the placement of media as well. 2.3 Methodology This report explores various concepts of marketing and discusses about the marketing plan of the Hamoudis Restaurant. The marketing plan discussed in this report includes various stages of marketing management including situation analysis, marketing objectives, different strategies, estimating the results of the plan. The last part is dealing with the conclusion derived by the author on overall experience while developing the research. 3. Situation Analysis 3.1 Market Analysis According to Sivasailam (2012, pg. 12), the restaurants industry in Australia just entered a mature life cycle phase as the limits of population size and growth within a city or town that can support a number of competing restaurants are being reached. In this case, it has been known that Roxburgh park and nearby suburbs are mostly middle eastern such as Iraqi and Lebanese, followed by minor populations of Africans, Indians, Turkish and other cultural backgrounds. The location is rather strategic as it is just a few minutes’ walk from Roxburgh park Railway Station and Roxburgh park Shopping Centre. There are parking lots around the area with no fees compared to parking lots in other places. The area ( Roxburgh park ) is crowded on the weekdays, especially on peak hours which is mostly around 9-10 am and lunch

Computerized system free essay sample

A library is a bunch of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, a library is a collection of books. It can mean the collection, the building or room that houses such a collection, or both. The term Libarary has itself acquired a secondary meaning; A collection of useful material for Library informs their users of what materials are available in their collections and how to access that information. Before the computer age, this was accomplished by the card catalog. a cabinet containing many drawers filled with index cards that identified the books and other materials. In a large library, the card catalog often filled a large room. The emergence of the Internet, however, has led to the adoption of electronic catalog databases (often referred to as â€Å"web cats† or as online public access catalogs, OPACs), which allow users to search the library’s holdings from any location with internet access. This style of catalog maintenance is compatible with new types of libraries, such as digital libraries and distributed libraries, as well as older libraries that have been retrofitted. This proposed system is an offline access of library system or it doesn’t need to have an internet or web connection to run the program. It focuses on library transaction including borrowing of books, producing a library report in much accurate and easier way. In this system, the librarian doesn’t have to used a card catalog; all she has to do is search the specific name of the book, title of book, and/or author in the system, common use, and in this sense is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics, electronics and biology. This proposed Computerized Library System is recommended for St. Paul University at San Ildefonso. This proposed computerized library system is design to help students, teachers, abd other personnel. For the school, it will help to have a secure assurance of borrowing books from the library and can easily detect the borrowed books. For the Librarian, do not need to consume or use up more time to handle or manage data and to produce a report on library manually. The personnel can organized and find the books easily. For the student, it will borrow books in much easier way. It does not have to fill-up again the library card. A proposed computerized library system is much better than the present library system which is in manual form. The proposed system is not intended to changed all the principle details and methods of borrowing books from the library but rather to improve it in much accurate and reliable form. Statement of the Problem The general problem of the how St. Paul University at San Ildefonso can put up a computerized library system in doing transactions with their clienteles. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: 1. ) What are the problems and difficulties do encounter by the user in managing their present system? 2. ) What are the problems do the students, librarian, teachers and other personnel encountered in handling records and files? 3. ) What are the advantages of the proposed computerized Library system compared to the present Library system? How comparable the present system to proposed system in terms of the following: a. File Transaction b. Manage Data c. Produce Report d. Time and Effort Objectives of the Study General Objective The objective of the study is to develop a computerized library system for St. Paul University at San Ildefonso. Specific Objectives To be specific, it attempted to satisfy the following objectives: to improve the library system that helps the librarian, students, professors, other personnel in the college, and other concerned people in terms of borrowing books, Transaction, Managing Data, Saving Records, Produce Reports, and the Time and Effort. To design a system that will lessen the time and effort of the student in their transaction. To quickly search the book needed by the student of the library. To print out reports immediately. Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study is intended for St. Paul University at San Ildefonso. The proponent noticed that the Library of Montessori Professional College is not updated compared to other school in terms of system which is still in manual management. Then the proponent wants to conduct and germinate the Manual Library System into Computerized Library System to improve the transaction inside the Library. The study is focusing only to improve the library system that helps the librarian, students, teachers, other personnel in the school, and other concerned people in terms of borrowing books, transaction, managing data, saving records, produce reports, and the time and effort. The system is LAN-based that enables the librarian to share the records of the student such as the borrowing books, returning books, search books, and prescriptions of the librarian. The student’s personal information/data may be stored upon the request of authorized librarian. The assigned librarians are the only one who can share any of the records/data of the students. The system is not capable of sharing its data from other databases. The system will be developed using the Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0. Significance of the study In this study there are many persons who will be benefited. The school, Librarian, Students, Teachers, Researchers, and other concerned persons. School will help to have a secure assurance of borrowing from the library and can easily detect the borrowed books. Librarian doesn’t need to consume more time to handle or manage data and to produce a report on library manually. The personnel can organized and find the books easily. Student can borrow books in much easier way. It doesn’t have to fill-up again the library card every time they want to borrow books. Teachers can easily borrow their needed books for their class. Proponent will use to find the information needed in their study regarding about computerized library system that they can use for their future references. Definition of Terms Computerized To equips with or automates by computers. Computerized Library System A computerized library system for an institution keeps track of all books and periodicals in the library and their check-out status. Checkout and return are automated through a bar code reader (an external device). The library system also interfaces with an external relational database which stores information about the library users (students, faculty, and staff), including whether they have any library items checked out. . Library users can access the catalog and recall books and periodicals. Library employees have the same access as well as additional capabilities (e. g. , listing the status of an item). Data Factual information or information for computer processing, distinct pieces of information usually formatted in a special way. All software is divided into two general categories: data and programs Programs Are collections of instructions for manipulating data. Data can exist in a variety of forms as numbers or text on pieces of paper, as bits and by test stored in electronic memory, or as facts stored in a persons mind. Database A set of  data that has a regular structure and that is organized in such a way that a computer can easily find the desired information. LAN (Local Area Network) This serves a local area (typically the area of a floor of a building, but in some cases spanning a distance of several kilometres). Records Data, details, documents, file, information, or reports. In the structure of a database, the part consisting of several uniquely named components called data fields. Several data records make up a data file and several data files make up a database. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Foreign According to Robson (2001),  usability is a key requirement for users, says Elisabeth Robson, Product manager for Online Computer Library Center. The catalogue has become a way to pull together disparate resources, including commercial resources and web links. Management systems also allow circulation, including check in/check outland enable libraries to purchase materials and track where they are. According to Chad (2009), consulting is at a major point of change in the wider information economy within which library systems form part of a larger whole. He was writing in a briefing paper about the study in library management systems. This study examined the systems used in higher-education libraries across the UK and came up with some significant observations and recommendations. It noted that the LMS market in UK higher education is already mature and that four main vendors (ExLibris, Innovative , Sirsi Dynix and Talis) have almost 90 per cent of the market. This market maturity means, according to the study authors, that the benefits to libraries of changing LMS provider are limited. Library users expect to find everything together says Stephen Abram, vice president for innovation at Sirsi Dynix, the leading provider of software solutions and associated services for libraries. According to her traditionally, the library management system or integrated library system (ILS) was responsible for running libraries efficiently and effectively. Over the last few years, the role of the ILS has been expanding from meeting library needs to delivering user experience. Local According to Eden (2011), views that most libraries are forced to work with fewer staff because of the having a more improved and modernized system for their library. According also to the study, the library administration need to emphasize to their staff  that the organization has a vested interest in providing them with the tools and training they need to assist the organization in the new information marketplace. These may include search engines, circulation systems, and the online public access catalog . According to Lopez (2002), University of the Philippines Mindanao when UP in Mindanao accepted its first batch of students in 1996, the Main Library collection was integrated with the core collection of the School of Management (SOM) Library at the Stanfilco Bldg. , Ladislawa Avenue, Buhangin, Davao City. The Filipiniana and General References were housed together with the College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) collection in Room 2 of the Philippine Coconut Authority. In the Second Semester AY 1996-1997,the CAS Library moved to its main campus in Bago Oshiro. Upon the recognition of UPin Mindanao by the Board of Regents (BOR) as a constituent unit (CU) of the UP System, the CAS was split into two (2), namely: College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHSS) and the College of Science and Mathematics (CSM). The Main Library transferred to the newly renovated building where the main collection was set-up beside the books of the CHSS and the CSM. In July 2002, the library established the Library Educational Media and Information Technology Office (LEMITO). The LEMITO handles the audio-visual services, internet and the connectivity of the library. It currently holds office at the Elias B. Lopez Hall Dormitory. CHAPTER III CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Conceptual Model of the Study A Computerized Library System identifies the modern process of technology, on how it works quickly for the students/librarian. Based on the objectives of the study and aforementioned theories and concepts derived from the review of related literature and studies, the following conceptual model of study was developed. The conceptual model of study is best illustrated on the paradigm of the input box; it deals on knowledge requirements, Users Needs, Existing Applications, Development Tools and Techniques, Technical Literature, Results of users survey, expert advice, software, requirements, hardware requirements. It deals on the perceptions towards the existing manual system and the proposed Computerized Library System as to accuracy, user friendliness, security and speed of data and information. The third part tells the operation, process and testing. The last parts discuss the evaluation procedure. Project Development The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. Various SDLC methodologies have been developed to guide the processes involved including the waterfall model (the original SDLC method), rapid application development (RAD), joint application development (JAD), the fountain model and the spiral model. Mostly, several models are combined into some sort of  hybrid methodology. Documentation is crucial regardless of the type of model chosen or devised for any application, and is usually done in parallel with the development process. Some methods work better for specific types of projects, but in the final analysis, the most important factor for the success of a project may be how closely particular plan was followed. Figure 2. Waterfall Model Planning In planning, the proponent conducted an interview to the client to gather some information about on how the librarian manage the books, borrowed books, returned books, all record of the student. It is observed that the librarian writes the records manually of every student who borrowed or returned the Books. The student uses the form given by the librarian. Analysis Based on the proposed Computerized Library System is designed purely from the users viewpoint without considering the constraints of hardware (such as computers). In addition, system structures required to achieve such designs are clarified. After checking requirement specifications included in the basic plan, the overview of the project is represented by the use of diagrams so that the processing and flows of data can be easily understood. Designing The software design specifically targeted to librarian of the researchers used a user-friendly design to attract the user to use the new automated system. Here the system was designed purely from the users viewpoint without considering the constraints of  hardware (such as computers). In addition, system structures required to achieve such designs are clarified. After checking the requirement specifications included in the planning, the overview of the system represented by the use of diagrams so that the processed of data can be easily understood. Based on the representations, the division into sub-systems and input/output designing was performed. The entire project was divided into a number of modules on a functional basis, and each module was  further divided into smaller units. The designing of the code, such as the determination of a coding system, was conducted. In addition, relationships between the data were  analyzed. Software Development / Coding In the development of the system, the researchers made used of Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0 for encoding source code of the system, in order to be accurate and fast acquisition of data/information. Testing The researchers  installed the new System. The proponent encountered problems while processing it for the first time but after several weeks the system has been successful and introduced it to the respondents. Operating The researchers were responsible for conducting an operation test. The proponent conducted  a test under the actual operation conditions, and verified  that the system satisfies the required specifications. Because this test was intended to have a developed system accepted by the user, it was called an approval test or an acceptance test. The researchers conducted an operation test by running a program on a machine being used for actual operations. Maintenance The researchers conducted maintenance in software to correct faults, to maintain performance or other attributes. The proponent’s common perception of  maintenance merely involves fixing detects. The proponent’s maintenance management system allows segment chiefs to plan maintenance work on fixed assets, such as equipment, machinery and property. Analytical Tools The researchers presented the analytical tools used in the system which are: IPO (Input-Process-Output), VTOC (Visual Table of Contents) and Context Diagram. In order to determine whether standard questionnaire does play an important role in conducting Computerized Library System survey, a total of 50 respondents were asked to participate. To achieve pertinent information, certain inclusion criteria were imposed. The participants qualified for sample selection must be the students and all the users who will be using the library. This qualification ensured that the participants understand the nature of personality questionnaire and its use for employment, making the survey items easy for them to accomplish. These respondents where ask on the problems they have encountered in visiting and using the library. And also there were ask to answer the questions given, based on their observation inside the library. Table 1. Distribution of Respondents Respondents Frequency Students 49 Teacher 0 Librarian 1 Total 50 Evaluation Procedure Data Instrument. Based on the related literature and studies reviewed, the researcher uses a standard questionnaire to assess the performance of the program. The questionnaire will be distributed to the respondents. The evaluation instrument is based on the characteristics and sub-characteristics provided by ISO/IEC 9126. ISO/IEC 9126suggests only five software metrics (Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair and Poor). Table 2. Numerical Scale Scale Interpretation 4. 51 to 5. 00 Excellent 3. 51 to 4. 50 Very Good 2. 51 to 3. 50 Good 1. 51 to 2. 50 Fair 1. 00 to 1. 50 Poor Statistical Treatment The data obtained from the respondents were tabulated systematically in order to obtain accurate information related to each element of the target population. Frequency Distribution The arrangement of the values that one or more variables take in a sample. Each entry in the table contains the frequency or count of the occurrences of  values within a particular group or interval, and in this way, the table summarizes the distribution of values in the sample. Percentage Distribution Display of data that shows the percentage of items that falls above or below certain values. To calculate the percentage distribution, divide the class frequency by the total number of items grouped and multiply by 100. Arithmetic Weighted Mean These were utilized to determine the weight of the individual option as to levels of efficiency of both existing procedures and the proposed automated system in terms of Security of data and information, Speed of processing, Accuracy of data and Information, User Friendliness and the alleviation of procedures in accomplishing tasks. ISO/IEC 9126 Data Instrument. Product quality is a standard for the evaluation of  quality. The fundamental objective of this standard is to address some of the well known human biases that can adversely affect the delivery and perception of a software development project. These biases include changing priorities after the start of a project or not having any clear definitions of success. By clarifying, then agreeing on the project priorities and subsequently converting abstract priorities(compliance) to measurable values (output data can be validated against schema X with zero intervention), ISO/IEC 9126 tries to develop a common understanding of the projects objectives and goals. Economic Feasibility For any system if the expected benefits equal or exceed the expected costs, the system can be judged to be economically feasible. In economic feasibility, cost benefit analysis is done in which expected costs and benefits are evaluated. Economic analysis is used for evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed system. In economic feasibility, the most important is cost as the name suggests, it is an analysis of the costs to be incurred in the system and benefits derivable out of the system. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) estimates and totals up the equivalent money value of the benefits and costs to the community of projects to establish whether they are worthwhile.